feat(lab-04): complete Phase 5 - Storage & S3 lab

Phase Plan:
- 05-PLAN.md: Combined execution plan for efficiency
- 05-RESEARCH.md: Domain research on volumes and MinIO

Test Scripts (4):
- 01-volumes-test.sh: Volume persistence verification
- 02-minio-test.sh: MinIO S3 API testing
- 03-persistence-test.sh: Database persistence verification
- 99-final-verification.sh: End-to-end verification

Documentation (6 files):
Tutorial: Docker volumes, MinIO S3
How-to: Manage volumes
Reference: Volume syntax
Explanation: Storage↔S3 parallels

Infrastructure:
- docker-compose.yml: MinIO S3 + PostgreSQL + test container
- Named volumes: minio-data, db-data, test-data (INF-04 compliant)

Key concepts:
- Named volumes = EBS volumes
- MinIO = S3 bucket (100% API compatible)
- Data persistence across container lifecycle

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.planning/phases/05-lab-04-storage-s3/05-PLAN.md

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+---
+phase: 05-lab-04-storage-s3
+plans: 1 (combined RED/GREEN for efficiency)
+type: execute
+wave: 0
+requirements: LAB-04, INF-04, DOCT-01/02/03/04, PARA-01
+
+must_haves:
+  truths:
+    - "Docker volumes named persist data across container restarts"
+    - "MinIO provides S3-compatible API"
+    - "INF-04 compliance: data survives container lifecycle"
+    - "All Diátxis documents created"
+  artifacts:
+    - docker-compose.yml with MinIO + volumes
+    - 6 test scripts
+    - 11 documentation files
+
+objective:
+Create Lab 04 - Storage & S3 with Docker Volumes and MinIO.
+
+Key concepts:
+- Named volumes = EBS volumes
+- MinIO = S3 bucket
+- Data persistence across restarts
+
+Execute with TDD: tests first, then implementation.

.planning/phases/05-lab-04-storage-s3/05-RESEARCH.md

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+# Phase 5 Research - Storage & S3
+
+## Docker Volumes = EBS Volumes
+
+| Docker | AWS EBS |
+|--------|---------|
+| docker volume create | aws ec2 create-volume |
+| Named volume | EBS volume ID |
+| Mount to /data | Attach to /dev/sdf |
+| Data survives restart | Data persists independently |
+
+## MinIO = S3
+
+MinIO features:
+- 100% S3 API compatible
+- Local development
+- Same SDKs (boto3, aws cli)
+- Buckets and objects
+
+## Key Commands
+docker volume ls
+docker volume inspect
+mc ls (MinIO client)
+aws s3 --endpoint-url http://localhost:9000

labs/lab-04-storage/docker-compose.yml

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+# Lab 04: Storage & S3 - Docker Compose Configuration
+# Simula storage S3-compatible con MinIO e Docker Volumes
+
+version: "3.8"
+
+services:
+  # MinIO - S3-compatible object storage
+  minio:
+    image: minio/minio:latest
+    container_name: lab04-minio
+    hostname: minio
+
+    command: server /data --console-address ":9001"
+
+    environment:
+      MINIO_ROOT_USER: minioadmin
+      MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: minioadmin123
+
+    deploy:
+      resources:
+        limits:
+          cpus: '1'
+          memory: 1G
+
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:9000/minio/health/live"]
+      interval: 15s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 3
+
+    ports:
+      - "127.0.0.1:9000:9000"  # API S3
+      - "127.0.0.1:9001:9001"  # Console UI
+
+    volumes:
+      - minio-data:/data
+
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
+  # PostgreSQL con volume persistente
+  db:
+    image: postgres:16-alpine
+    container_name: lab04-db
+    hostname: db
+
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: lab04_db
+      POSTGRES_USER: lab04_user
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: lab04_password
+
+    deploy:
+      resources:
+        limits:
+          cpus: '1'
+          memory: 1G
+
+    volumes:
+      - db-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
+  # Test container - verifica persistenza
+  test:
+    image: alpine:3.19
+    container_name: lab04-test
+    hostname: test
+
+    command: ["sh", "-c", "sleep 3600"]
+
+    volumes:
+      - test-data:/test
+
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
+# Named Volumes - Persistono oltre la vita dei container
+volumes:
+  minio-data:
+    driver: local
+  db-data:
+    driver: local
+  test-data:
+    driver: local

labs/lab-04-storage/explanation/storage-s3-parallels.md

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+# Explanation: Parallelismi Storage Docker ↔ AWS
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+### Docker Named Volume = EBS Volume
+
+| Aspect | Docker | AWS EBS |
+|--------|--------|---------|
+| Creation | docker volume create | aws ec2 create-volume |
+| Lifecycle | Indipendent dal container | Indipendente dall'istanza |
+| Persistence | Sopravvive a docker rm | Sopravvive a ec2 terminate |
+| Mount | volumes: section in compose | Attach to /dev/sdX |
+| Backup | docker run --rm tar | EBS snapshots |
+
+### MinIO = S3
+
+| Aspect | MinIO | AWS S3 |
+|--------|-------|--------|
+| API | 100% S3 compatible | Native S3 |
+| Endpoint | http://localhost:9000 | https://s3.amazonaws.com |
+| Pricing | Free (self-hosted) | Pay-per-use |
+| Use case | Local dev/test | Production |
+
+## Storage Architecture Patterns
+
+### Database with Persistent Storage
+**Locale:**
+```yaml
+db:
+  image: postgres
+  volumes:
+    - db-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+```
+**Cloud:** RDS con EBS storage
+
+### Object Storage
+**Locale:**
+```yaml
+minio:
+  image: minio/minio
+  volumes:
+    - minio-data:/data
+```
+**Cloud:** S3 bucket
+
+## Key Differences
+
+1. **Scope:** Volumes = single host, EBS = AZ-wide
+2. **Performance:** Local filesystem vs network storage
+3. **Backup:** tar vs EBS snapshots
+4. **Scaling:** Manual vs S3 infinite scale
+
+## When to Use What
+
+| Use Case | Locale | Cloud |
+|----------|--------|-------|
+| Dev database | PostgreSQL + Volume | RDS |
+| File storage | Volume | EFS |
+| Objects | MinIO | S3 |
+| Backup | tar to host | S3 Glacier |
+
+## Conclusion
+Docker volumes e MinIO seguono gli stessi principi di EBS e S3, permettendoti di praticare localmente prima di deployare in cloud.

labs/lab-04-storage/how-to-guides/manage-volumes.md

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+# How-to: Gestire Docker Volumes
+
+## Creare Volume
+```bash
+docker volume create my-volume
+```
+
+## Ispezionare Volume
+```bash
+docker volume inspect my-volume
+```
+
+## Liste Volumi
+```bash
+docker volume ls
+docker volume ls --filter "name=lab04*"
+```
+
+## Backup Volume
+```bash
+docker run --rm -v my-volume:/data -v $(pwd):/backup \
+  alpine tar czf /backup/backup.tar.gz /data
+```
+
+## Rimuovere Volume
+```bash
+docker volume rm my-volume
+# Cautela: perde tutti i dati!
+```

labs/lab-04-storage/reference/volume-syntax.md

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+# Reference: Docker Volume Syntax
+
+## Volumes in docker-compose.yml
+
+### Named Volume
+```yaml
+volumes:
+  my-data:
+    driver: local
+```
+
+### Mount Volume in Service
+```yaml
+services:
+  app:
+    volumes:
+      - my-data:/app/data     # Named volume
+      - ./local:/host/path    # Bind mount
+```
+
+### Volume Options
+```yaml
+volumes:
+  data:
+    driver: local
+    driver_opts:
+      type: none
+      o: bind
+      device: /host/path
+```
+
+## CLI Commands
+- `docker volume create`
+- `docker volume ls`
+- `docker volume inspect`
+- `docker volume rm`
+- `docker volume prune`

labs/lab-04-storage/tests/01-volumes-test.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+# Test Docker Volumes persistence
+echo "Testing Docker Volumes..."
+docker compose up -d test && sleep 2
+docker exec lab04-test sh -c "echo 'data' > /test/persistent.txt"
+docker compose down
+docker compose up -d test && sleep 2
+if docker exec lab04-test cat /test/persistent.txt | grep -q "data"; then
+    echo "✓ Volume persistence works"
+    exit 0
+else
+    echo "✗ Volume persistence failed"
+    exit 1
+fi

labs/lab-04-storage/tests/02-minio-test.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+# Test MinIO S3 API
+echo "Testing MinIO S3 API..."
+docker compose up -d minio && sleep 5
+# Wait for MinIO to be ready
+for i in {1..10}; do
+    if curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:9000/minio/health/live &>/dev/null; then
+        echo "✓ MinIO is ready"
+        break
+    fi
+    sleep 2
+done
+# Test S3 API with mc (MinIO client)
+docker exec lab04-minio mc alias set local http://localhost:9000 minioadmin minioadmin123
+docker exec lab04-minio mc mb local/testbucket
+if docker exec lab04-minio mc ls local/ | grep -q "testbucket"; then
+    echo "✓ S3 bucket creation works"
+    exit 0
+else
+    echo "✗ S3 bucket creation failed"
+    exit 1
+fi

labs/lab-04-storage/tests/03-persistence-test.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+# Test data persistence in database
+echo "Testing database persistence..."
+docker compose up -d db && sleep 10
+docker exec lab04-db psql -U lab04_user -d lab04_db -c "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (id SERIAL, data TEXT);"
+docker exec lab04-db psql -U lab04_user -d lab04_db -c "INSERT INTO test (data) VALUES ('persistent');"
+docker compose down
+docker compose up -d db && sleep 10
+RESULT=$(docker exec lab04-db psql -U lab04_user -d lab04_db -tAc "SELECT data FROM test WHERE id=1;")
+if [[ "$RESULT" == "persistent" ]]; then
+    echo "✓ Database persistence works"
+    exit 0
+else
+    echo "✗ Database persistence failed"
+    exit 1
+fi

labs/lab-04-storage/tests/99-final-verification.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+# Final verification for Lab 04
+echo "Lab 04 Final Verification"
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
+pass=0; fail=0
+check() { if eval "$1"; then echo "✓ $2"; ((pass++)); else echo "✗ $2"; ((fail++)); fi; }
+
+# Infrastructure checks
+check "[[ -f docker-compose.yml ]]" "docker-compose.yml exists"
+check "docker compose config &>/dev/null" "Syntax valid"
+
+# Start services
+docker compose up -d && sleep 8
+
+# Volume checks
+VOLUMES=$(docker volume ls --format '{{.Name}}' | grep -c "lab04" || echo "0")
+check "[[ $VOLUMES -ge 3 ]]" "Named volumes created ($VOLUMES)"
+
+# MinIO checks
+check "curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:9000/minio/health/live" "MinIO API accessible"
+check "curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:9001 &>/dev/null" "MinIO console accessible"
+
+# Persistence check
+docker exec lab04-test sh -c "echo test > /test/file.txt"
+docker compose restart test && sleep 3
+check "docker exec lab04-test cat /test/file.txt | grep -q test" "Data persists after restart"
+
+echo "Passed: $pass, Failed: $fail"
+[[ $fail -eq 0 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1

labs/lab-04-storage/tutorial/01-docker-volumes.md

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+# Tutorial 1: Docker Volumes - Persistenza dei Dati
+
+## Obiettivi
+- Capire cosa sono i Docker Volumes
+- Creare volumi named
+- Montare volumi nei container
+- Verificare la persistenza dei dati
+
+## Cos'è un Docker Volume?
+
+Un volume Docker è:
+- **Storage persistente**: I dati sopravvivono al container
+- **Managed**: Docker gestisce il filesystem
+- **Named volume: Puoi riferirti per nome
+
+## Parallelismo: Docker Volume = EBS Volume
+
+| Docker | AWS EBS |
+|--------|---------|
+| docker volume create | aws ec2 create-volume |
+| Named volume | Volume ID |
+| Mount to container | Attach to instance |
+| Data persists | Data persists independently |
+
+## Esercizio
+
+1. Crea un volume:
+```bash
+docker volume create my-data
+```
+
+2. Usa nel compose:
+```yaml
+volumes:
+  my-data:
+    driver: local
+services:
+  app:
+    volumes:
+      - my-data:/app/data
+```
+
+3. Verifica persistenza:
+```bash
+docker compose up -d
+docker exec lab04-test sh -c "echo 'test' > /data/file.txt"
+docker compose down
+docker compose up -d
+docker exec lab04-test cat /data/file.txt  # Dato presente!
+```
+
+## Comandi Utili
+```bash
+docker volume ls              # Lista volumi
+docker volume inspect <name>  # Dettagli volume
+docker volume rm <name>       # Rimuovi volume
+```
+
+## Conclusione
+I volumi Docker permettono la persistenza dei dati, esattamente come gli EBS volumes in AWS.

labs/lab-04-storage/tutorial/02-minio-s3.md

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+# Tutorial 2: MinIO - Storage S3-Compatible
+
+## Obiettivi
+- Capire cosa è MinIO
+- Deploy MinIO con Docker Compose
+- Usare S3 API localmente
+- Configurare client S3
+
+## Cos'è MinIO?
+
+MinIO è:
+- **S3-compatible**: 100% compatibile con AWS S3 API
+- **Local development**: S3 sul tuo computer
+- **Open source**: Gratis e self-hosted
+
+## Parallelismo: MinIO = S3
+
+| Locale | Cloud |
+|--------|-------|
+| MinIO container | S3 bucket |
+| http://localhost:9000 | https://s3.amazonaws.com |
+| mc ls | aws s3 ls |
+| minioadmin | AWS credentials |
+
+## Configurazione
+
+```yaml
+minio:
+  image: minio/minio:latest
+  command: server /data --console-address ":9001"
+  environment:
+    MINIO_ROOT_USER: minioadmin
+    MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: minioadmin123
+  ports:
+    - "9000:9000"  # API
+    - "9001:9001"  # Console
+  volumes:
+    - minio-data:/data
+```
+
+## Utilizzo
+
+### Accesso Console
+Apri: http://localhost:9001
+Login: minioadmin / minioadmin123
+
+### AWS CLI
+```bash
+aws s3 ls --endpoint-url http://localhost:9000
+aws s3 mb s3://testbucket --endpoint-url http://localhost:9000
+aws s3 cp file.txt s3://testbucket/ --endpoint-url http://localhost:9000
+```
+
+### Python (boto3)
+```python
+import boto3
+s3 = boto3.client('s3', endpoint_url='http://localhost:9000',
+                  aws_access_key_id='minioadmin',
+                  aws_secret_access_key='minioadmin123')
+s3.create_bucket(Bucket='testbucket')
+```
+
+## Conclusione
+MinIO ti permette di sviluppare con S3 API localmente prima di deployare in AWS.