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docs(06-02): create Diátaxis documentation for Lab 05 Database & RDS

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Documentation (6 files, 1500+ lines):
Tutorials (3):
- 01-deploy-rds-database.md: Deploy PostgreSQL in private network
- 02-data-persistence.md: Data persistence with named volumes
- 03-security-compliance.md: INF-01/02/03/04 compliance

How-to Guides (1):
- connect-to-postgresql.md: Connection methods

Reference (1):
- postgresql-commands.md: PostgreSQL command reference

Explanation (1):
- database-rds-parallels.md: Docker↔RDS parallels with architecture diagrams

Key concepts:
- PostgreSQL container → RDS Instance
- Private network → VPC Private Subnet
- Named volume → EBS volume
- Resource limits → DB instance class

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Luca Sacchi Ricciardi
2026-04-03 17:41:29 +02:00
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# Explanation: Docker Database ↔ RDS Parallels
## Architettura a Confronto
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ AWS Cloud Architecture │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ ┌───────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ │
│ │ EC2 Instance │ │ RDS Instance │ │
│ │ (Web/App) │────────▶│ PostgreSQL │ │
│ │ │ VPC │ Private Subnet │ │
│ └───────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ EBS Volume │
│ Internet │ │
│ ▼ │
│ Persistent Data │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Local Docker Architecture │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ ┌───────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ │
│ │ Container │ │ Container │ │
│ │ (nginx) │────────▶│ PostgreSQL │ │
│ │ lab05-app │ Bridge │ lab05-db │ │
│ └───────────────┘ Network └──────────────────┘ │
│ │ Private Network │
│ Host │ │
│ (127.0.0.1) │ │
│ Named Volume │
│ │ │
│ ▼ │
│ Persistent Data │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
## Mapping Componenti
| Docker Locale | AWS Cloud | Spiegazione |
|---------------|-----------|-------------|
| PostgreSQL container | RDS Instance | Database gestito |
| Private bridge network | VPC Private Subnet | Isolamento di rete |
| Named volume | EBS volume | Persistenza dati |
| Resource limits (cpus, memory) | DB instance class | Allocazione risorse |
| docker-compose up | RDS create | Deploy command |
| docker logs | CloudWatch logs | Logging e monitoring |
| pg_isready | RDS health check | Verifica disponibilità |
| Non-root user | IAM authentication | Controllo accessi |
## Differenze Chiave
### Gestione
**RDS (AWS):**
- Completamente managed
- Patch automatiche
- Backup automatici
- Multi-AZ per HA
- Scaling orizzontale Read Replicas
**PostgreSQL Docker:**
- Self-managed
- Patch manuali
- Backup manuali (pg_dump)
- HA con repliche manuali
- Read repliche configurate manualmente
### Sicurezza
**RDS:**
- IAM authentication
- Security groups VPC
- Encryption at rest (KMS)
- SSL/TLS obbligatorio
- Audit logging
**PostgreSQL Docker:**
- Username/password
- Bridge network isolation
- Filesystem encryption (host)
- TLS configurato manualmente
- PostgreSQL logging
### Costi
**RDS:**
- Costo orario instance
- Costo storage GB/mese
- Costo data transfer
- Costo backup storage
**PostgreSQL Docker:**
- Costo VM host
- Nessun costo aggiuntivo
- Storage incluso
- Nessun data transfer cost
## Quando Usare Quale
### Usa RDS quando:
- Servizio production mission-critical
- Requltiamo alta disponibilità (99.99%)
- Hai bisogno di scaling automatico
- Vuoi managed backups
- Budget per costi cloud
### Usa PostgreSQL Docker quando:
- Sviluppo e testing
- Ambienti di laboratorio
- Proof of concept
- Budget limitato
- Requisiti di bassa complessità
## Best Practices Comuni
**Entrambi:**
- Non esporre su internet
- Usare backup regolari
- Monitorare performance
- Configurare resource limits
- Usare connessioni SSL/TLS
**RDS-specific:**
- Abilita Multi-AZ per production
- Configura retention backup
- Usa Parameter Groups
- Abilita Performance Insights
**Docker-specific:**
- Usa named volumes
- Configura healthchecks
- Limita risorse container
- Monitora docker stats
## Comandi Equivalenti
| Operazione | Docker | RDS/AWS |
|------------|--------|---------|
| Deploy | docker-compose up | aws rds create-db-instance |
| Stop | docker-compose stop | aws rds stop-db-instance |
| Start | docker-compose start | aws rds start-db-instance |
| Scale | docker-compose up --scale | aws rds modify-db-instance |
| Status | docker ps | aws rds describe-db-instances |
| Logs | docker logs | aws rds describe-db-log-files |
| Backup | pg_dump | aws rds create-db-snapshot |
| Restore | psql < backup.sql | aws rds restore-db-instance |
## Percorso di Apprendimento
1. **Inizia con Docker:** Impara concetti base PostgreSQL
2. **Pratica con Docker:** Sperimenta in sicurezza locale
3. **Passa a RDS:** Applica conoscenze al cloud
4. **Approfondisci:** Managed services e ottimizzazione